Week 4: July 20-26

I’ve seen the same great results when home and school work closely together to support a student. Your example is a perfect model of what strong teamwork can do. I love that you used a daily log and sent home adapted materials—it really helps families stay in the loop and keeps things consistent for the student.

It’s also great that the home setup matched the school environment. That kind of routine makes it easier for the student to focus and learn. Giving homework that lines up with what the class is doing, but in a way that fits the student’s needs, is such a smart way to build carryover.

The iPad situation is a common challenge, but it’s great that your team worked together to make it happen. Your story really shows how much of a difference collaboration can make!

I think your point here is very important - and while thankfully most of the teams I work with “get” that CVI is a legitimate visual impairment, it sometimes seems like they are just playing along with me and don’t really buy into it until they see a positive impact of the interventions and THEN they have the “ah ha!” kind of moment. I’ve one team in particular who are so overloaded that “bothering” with CVI supports is a bit too much for them. But I continue to try and gently encourage them. It is a tricky thing!

  1. Think about the classroom adaptations you’ve used for students with CVI. Which have been most effective, and which seem underused or misapplied? Are there tools or approaches you wish were used more often?
    One of the most effective adaptations I’ve used with some students is creating a space similar to a ‘little room.’ I incorporate the student’s favorite colors and objects inside the space to encourage visual attention and reaching. I collaborate with the classroom teacher during setup so it feels individualized and practical for daily use. However, I’ve noticed this strategy can sometimes be underused because staff may feel it isn’t helping if they don’t see immediate results. A common challenge is giving students the processing time they need. When responses aren’t instant, it can appear as though the strategy isn’t working. I’ve found that modeling is critical—I show staff how to wait and allow enough time for the student to visually process and respond. With consistent practice, those response times often decrease, which reinforces the value of the approach. I wish strategies like the ‘little room’ and other CVI-specific adaptations were used more consistently throughout the day, not just in isolated sessions. Embedding them into natural routines would give students more opportunities to practice and help staff see the gradual progress that comes with repeated, meaningful use.
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I really like how you mentioned sitting in the student’s seat to see things from their perspective—that’s such a powerful way to understand their visual world. Your point about reducing visual clutter and focusing on lighting and contrast really stood out to me. Those are simple changes that can make such a big difference but often get overlooked.

I’ve noticed the same thing you mentioned about movement and consistent visual targets being underused. I see that a lot when I use a “little room” setup with students. If staff don’t see immediate responses, they sometimes feel like it isn’t working, so I end up modeling and showing how much processing time is needed. Your reflection really connects with that experience—it shows how much consistency and patience matter when embedding CVI strategies into everyday routines.

I really like how you emphasized that what works for one child with CVI might actually overwhelm another. That’s such an important point because it highlights why individualized assessment is so critical. Your example of a strategy for movement not helping with object or face recognition really illustrates the risk of a “one-size-fits-all” approach.
I also appreciate that you brought families into the conversation. Consistency across school and home makes such a difference, especially since CVI strategies often need repeated practice in familiar routines. I’ve noticed this when using a “little room” setup—if it’s not the right match for a child’s specific visual needs or if staff expect instant results, it can become overwhelming instead of helpful. Your point about regular monitoring and adjusting supports really connects with that experience.

  1. What tools or strategies have you found most effective in helping general education staff understand the nuances of CVI-related behaviors? What misunderstandings have been most persistent?

I must say that I feel that I failed in this area. There were no strategies I suggested that worked. Among many things, I suggested isolating and presenting small bits of information at a time, kerning or spacing the letters (at this point the classroom teacher was so frustrated I don’t think she even tried this). I was not successful in persuading the classroom teacher that the students’ unwillingness “to try” was a result of his fatigue and frustration with his condition. Although his acuities had improved to 20/20 and he was armed with accommodations to whatever beset him on a given day, the student was unsuccessful. It was apparent that their inability to read was purely neurological. Now armed with the tools for worksheet adaptations and apps for CVI students I believe I would be a better advocate and be more effective as a TVI. I might also take this time to advocate for TVI’s to have smaller caseloads, more time with this student was definitely needed.
The author of this article mentions that its goal is to present tools that empowers students. This speaks volumes since I have found that most CVI general ed students often appear to feel defeated. Additionally, this guide is an excellent help in advocating and advising the team on CVI.
Faye

In order for the assessment to be worth the paper it was written on, it must be individualized and tailored to the needs of that particular student.
Faye

I think giving homework that complements or matches the classroom work is an excellent idea that reinforces learning and indicates teamwork.

Hi Libby,
Thanks for sharing your insights! Do you have a link to a YouTube CVI simulation video that has been particularly effective in sharing with staff and family? I have done a few simulation activities, but I would love to add YouTube videos to my toolkit.
When you discussed about staff’s misunderstanding, it got me thinking more about peripheral field, and how it can be so difficult for professionals to understand the idea of preferred visual field (for example, bringing the object in from the student’s left or right side). This type of accommodation really has to be a concerted effort, as we typically just display an object near midline. Thanks for the thoughtful post. ~Lacey

  1. Think about the classroom adaptations you’ve used for students with CVI. Which have been most effective, and which seem underused or misapplied? Are there tools or approaches you wish were used more often?
    The most effective adapations come down to the ones the classroom teachers will put into place. We know that many students with CVI do better if the complexities within the learning environment have been reduced. This can often be accomplished with the use of tool, such as the invisiboard. Overall the adaptions that I see being used most are related to color. One example is color coding the keys on a large print calculator to match the number keys, operator keys, and equal sign. The teacher used the same color coding when writing equations for the student to complete (red for subtract, blue for add, green for equal).
    I believe that it is not that classroom teachers refuse to employ accomodations and adaptions that students with CVI need. Rather, they are overwhelmed with the whole classroom and not able to give dedicated attention to a student who needs things presented differently.
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Libby,

I could not agree with you more! We do need to educate a student’s education team about CVI (overview and specifics related to how CVI impacts the students). I would add that related services (OT, PT, Speech) need to be included in the conversation.

Using simulations, such as YouTube videos are a great way to help introduce CVI as a visual impairment.

Feedback that I received after providing a team training is that the team appreciated understanding the ‘why’ behind the accommodations and adaptations we were recommending. Too often they are given the what to do (SDIs) but not the why it matters.

Great post!

Patty

Faye,

I love that you are an advocate for your student. With this mindset you cannot fail when trying to set them up for success within the academic environment.

We have to remember that even armed with what we know about CVI we sometimes find it a difficult impairment to fully understand. I would suggest gentle, but continuous, reminders to academic teams. Small advances are still movement forward.

Patty

In think about the classroom adaptations I’ve used for students with CVI, there are some effective tools while others seem underused or misapplied. First and foremost, it’s important that the importance of addressing the expanded common core rest must be shared by all those who work with the student. Without this buy-in, it gets more difficult for the student to make a lot of progress. Often times, teachers feels so overwhelmed by the curriculum (often scripted) and other demands put on them that thinking about “one more thing” seems very overwhelming. If I can take that fear away that they will be doing this by themselves, it is a big help in breaking down barriers to success. Things that work include the use of a task analysis approach with smaller or chunked tasks, the use of CVI font with flash cards/on worksheets etc., using a black privacy screen to help block out light, using multi-sensory approaches towards teaching, and reducing clutter on worksheets with increase contrast. Often times, less is more seems to be a good approach. Often times, it’s hard to slow down teaching and be specific about how you explain things. Teachers think that if they make the print bigger, that will be enough. However, that depends on visual fatigue, level of clutter on the page, student’s learning medium, and if pictures etc. are even accessible. There is a multi-layered approach that takes a team response to be successful. I wish that teachers had more flexiblity to not always follow a script, but actually meet the needs of all of their students. A lot of strategies suggested are universal design and help all students.

I think the approach to pushing into a classroom is really important. It’s important to come with a curious mindset and ask questions to gain the trust / build a good relationship with the classroom teacher. We need to listen just as much as giving suggestions. I find that I sometimes get too excited and give too much information that leaves the teacher feeling overwhelmed / less likely to implement those strategies.

I do this as well and this helps a lot. The best time that I find to do this is the beginning of the school year (if possible) to increase the teacher’s confidence in working with students with CVI. It’s helpful if the student can share their needs and wants, but all students have varying communication skills. I love the idea of reinforcing that their vision affects them all day, not just when supported in the classroom. Simulations (Scotland CVI website, I think) has some good resources as well as youtube.

  1. What tools or strategies have you found most effective in helping general education staff understand the nuances of CVI-related behaviors? What misunderstandings have been most persistent?

When I read through these questions, a situation from a meeting immediately jumped into my head. Though this family ultimately decided to withdraw from the process to transition into preschool, citing concerns about their child getting sick in school due to numerous medical issues, the impact of this meeting never left me.

At one of the initial meetings, all the other therapists were there, including OT and PT. Both disciplines were trying to have this student do various physical things using toys and objects. The student was on a gym mat on the floor, and the overhead fluorescent lights were on. This student has trisomy 18, a tracheostomy, and is DeafBLind. The therapists weren’t having much success with this student tracking or reaching for numerous objects they were presenting, as she was fixated on the harsh overhead lighting.

I asked if we could turn off the overhead lights. There was still natural light coming in from the windows, which we were far away from. Using my phone light and a few toys of interest I found, I demonstrated using the flashlight to illuminate the object, and the student was able to track it past midline. She started engaging with the toy by reaching for it with her stronger hand. I said the black mat was great for contrast and mentioned a black trifold that would also be helpful.

These implementations are all in my FVA/LMA that I go over with the IEP team at the meetings; however, we haven’t gone over that yet. This was the transition and the time she was being observed/assessed by other therapists.

A few things went through my mind that day. Had their assessment been done in isolation, they would have gotten different results that day due to not knowing about environmental factors and interventions to consider in students with CVI. A powerful way to teach others about CVI that was swift is putting the interventions into place in real time and showing other team members how simple and powerful they can be.

It made me question how many of these students get evaluated and assessed in ways not meaningful concerning their CVI? Is there a way that team members assessing students can be informed of suggestions/tips/interventions that would provide meaningful assessment data on that student? It may include Roman Word bubbling, a black trifold, a direct light behind the student (spotlighting),

The most glaring lack of understanding that has been more persistent is the need for certain toys (depending on where the child is in their CVI progression) that may be a single color, have reflective properties, or light up. Therapists often use what is in the classroom for assessments, and this may not be appropriate for kids with CVI.

The other issue that general education teachers may not understand is the busyness of their classrooms. Often, these classrooms are covered in posters, calendars with busy pictures that add to the complexity, toys in numerous bins in shelves throughout the classroom, bright fluorescent lights, and circle time rugs that are busy as well.

Gently bringing that to their attention and showing pictures of what an ideal environment looks like for their student with CVI has helped. I’ve taken pictures from the home environment of what has worked and embedded that into the students’ “personal passport” that goes over the student and what works/doesn’t work for them.

Just like the video shown that explained how to help parents start out by tweaking something ever so slightly, I think we need to approach the general education team in the same manner. Educating them on easy strategies that make a world of difference for our kids can help tremendously!

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Hello,

I work with kids 0-3 then transition them to preschool. This must feel so frustrating when the general education teacher is frustrated and gives up. Do you have kids with CVI that are direct or consult? It seems that those kids learning braille get direct services for braille learning but those with CVI tend to be on consultative which means that the TVI meets with the teacher to present ideas and strategies but rarely gets 1:1 time with the student. It is due to high case loads. These students would definitely benefit from more direct services in helping with literacy, trying out different AT devices, etc.

Since CVI is becoming the largest diagnosis of our caseloads, revisiting this and how we can help move these kids forward needs to be looked into.

This job certainly teaches us along the way. I don’t recall getting a lot of training on CVI while in school. I am so thankful for all the resources that are out there now!

Wow! I love your bulleted list and examples of what you have heard the teachers say and the way you list out a counter narrative for that response. This is so helpful. I am going to save this list for future reference. I think it would make an excellent list for general education teachers.

I work with kids 0-3 and I think this list would be invaluable to arm parents with so THEY have the knowledge and vernacular going forward in general education to also help educate the teacher. If parents are empowered, they and the TVI can exact change when it comes to students with CVI in the general education classroom.

Thanks again for the great breakdown to various situations.

Definitely. Whenever I have a future teacher hear that they have a student with a visual impairment coming up next year they begin to panic; “I’ve never had to teach a student who can’t see before”. I always reassure them that I will be there to hold their hand and the year will go smoothly, that’s our job. Then at the end of they year they always mention it was so much easier than they originally expected. Fear of the unknown. I always start simple - (maybe too small?) providing small bits of information along the way. As new things arise I then provide more information, as needed. I know general education teachers have a lot on their plates to organize so I attempt to be as unobtrusive as possible. I also try to make sure I educate the paraprofessionals - they are the ones often implementing interventions or working directly with the student and should have a good understanding of the student’s needs. I have also found that implementing simple strategies that work, and allow for staff to see an immediate difference helps with buy in. Sometimes we can then springboard from there.

"I find I often have to reiterate students are not just visually impaired 30 minutes twice a week, when the VI Teacher is in the room. "OH MY GOSH - I could say this until I’m blue in the face and feel (some) staff still do not listen! I cannot count the number of times in my career that I have made materials, implemented interventions or even written an IEP goal all to have staff only use the materials etc while I’m in the room. When asked if they used it throughout the week between my visits and they say no. Teaching the staff about CVI, the reasons for the interventions and having them see how it works throughout the day to promote student learning is essential. I also think it is important to educate/remind staff that one size does not fit all. I find that staff are often hesitant to implement interventions as the other students in the classroom are completing the assigned task in a different manner. Understanding differentiated education is a must!